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How Does a 3D Printer Work?
There is a lot of excitement building around what 3D printers can and might do. But how does a 3D printer work? It’s actually not very complicated.
Here are the mechanics behind the most common consumer-level printers that extrude plastic.
In goes filament, out comes gooey plastic
The ABS plastic comes as strands of filament that are usually a standard 1.75 millimeters.
ABS, which is used to make Legos, is chemical-based and works at slightly higher temperatures.
Once you’ve obtained the filament, it is fed into the 3D printer’s print head. Generally, this is a box shape with a nozzle sticking out of it.
A gear pulls the piece of filament through the print head. Just before it is extruded by the pointed nozzle, the filament passes through a heated tube and liquifies. The nozzle deposits it in ultra-fine lines generally about 0.1 millimeters across. The plastic solidifies quickly, sealing together layers.
Back and forth, layer by layer
3D printing is additive manufacturing. That means the plastic is built up one layer at a time.
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