Original Manuscript - A Century of Wrong by Genl. J.C. Smuts

Original Manuscript - A Century of Wrong by J.C. Smuts (General)

Political and Military Leader of South Africa

General Jan Christian Smuts, (1870 – 1950).
Smuts was a prominent South African and Commonwealth statesman and military leader.  He served as a Boer General during the Boer War, a British General during the First World War and was appointed Field Marshal during the Second World War.  In addition to various Cabinet appointments, he served as Prime Minister of the Union of South Africa from 1919 to 1924 and from 1939 to 1948.  From 1917 to 1919 he was also one of five members of the British War Cabinet, helping to create the Royal Air Force.  He played a leading part in the post war settlements at the end of both world wars, and was one of the driving forces behind the formation of both the League of Nations in 1919 and the United Nations in 1945.  As the foremost spokesman from the Dominions and Colonies his advice was decisive in reshaping the British Empire into the British Commonwealth. As Prime Minister, he opposed a majority of Afrikaners that wished to continue and further the de facto Apartheid of the inter-war years.  After the Second World War, he established and supported the Fagan Commission, which advocated the complete abandonment of all segregation in South Africa.  However, Smuts lost a general election before he could implement the suggestion, and died, just as de jure Apartheid was being implemented. One of his greatest international accomplishments was the establishment of the League of Nations, the idea for which is usually credited to Woodrow Wilson, but the implementation of which was guided by Smuts.  He later urged the formation of a new international organisation for peace: the United Nations.

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